Cancer Metastasis and the Lymphovascular System: Basis for Rational Therapy (PDF)

by
Stanley P. L. LeongStanley P. L. Leong

The basic mechanisms of cancer metastasis through the lymphovascular system form the basis for rational therapy against cancer. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the functional, anatomical, cellular and molecular aspects of the lymphovascular system, and the process of metastasis. SLN (sentinel lymph node) procedure has opened a window of opportunity to study micrometastasis. Eighty percent of metastasis follows an orderly pattern of progression via the lymphatic network, while about 20% of the time, systemic metastasis occurs, bypassing the lymphatic system. Molecular imaging advances are helping to localize early cancer more precisely. Current status of the immune responses in the draining lymph nodes against cancer will be summarized. New paradigms of early cancer growth, proliferation, overcoming apoptosis and metastasis are exploited in the development of anticancer treatment. Clinical trials using molecules as inhibitors against growth factor receptors, signaling pathways and angiogenesis or those facilitating apoptosis will be reviewed.

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